Human plurality may be understood not just as difference and differentiation, but also as a distribution of advantages, benefits, disadvantages, and costs. Some of these dis/advantages are a matter of chance or luck, and some arise from strategic interactions. The nature of individual and inter-personal decision-making is a central aspect of strategic studies such as Game Theory.

Dis/Advantage may be examined in terms of micro-scale interactions between individuals, or on a larger macro-scale between groups and populations (see macro-worlds) in terms of overall questions of freedom and justice. The concern here is with micro-scale interaction, advantage, and disadvantage.

Economics and Economic Justice (SEP)
Economic Theories and Social Justice (econlib)
John Rawls (SEP)
Distributive Justice (SEP)
Susan L. Hurley

Robert Nozick (WKP)

Samuel Bowles (WKP)

Sociocultural evolution (WKP)

Pareto Optimality (WKP)

Amartya Sen

Manfred Max-Neef, Father of "Barefoot Economics" - Keynote at Zermatt Summit 2012